第一次世界大戰(簡稱一次大戰、一戰,或稱歐戰;英语:World War I、WWI、Great War、First World War;法语:la première Guerre Mondiale、la Grande Guerre)是一場於1914年7月28日至1918年11月11日主要發生在歐洲的大戰,然而戰火最終延燒至全球,當時世界上大多數國家都被捲入這場戰爭,史稱「第一次世界大戰」。1939年第二次世界大战爆发前,这场战争被直接稱為世界大戰。由于主要戰場於歐洲大陸,故此20世紀早期的中文經常稱之為“歐戰”。
戰爭過程主要是同盟國和協約國之間的戰鬥。德國、奥匈帝国、鄂圖曼帝国及保加利亚屬於同盟國陣營。英國、法國、日本、俄國、意大利、美国、塞尔维亚、比利时、中華民國等則屬於協約國陣營。戰爭的導火線是發生於1914年6月的塞拉耶佛事件,奥匈帝国皇储斐迪南及其妻子索菲亚被塞尔维亚激进青年普林西普刺杀身亡。戰線主要分為東線(俄國對德奧作戰)、西線(英法對德作戰)和南線(包括塞爾維亞對奧匈、保加利亚作戰的巴爾幹戰線,奥斯曼土耳其对俄国的高加索战线,奥斯曼土耳其对英国的美索不达米亚战线、奥斯曼土耳其对英国、阿拉伯的巴勒斯坦战线等等),其中以西線最为慘烈。這場戰爭是歐洲歷史上破壞性最强的戰爭之一,約6,500萬人參戰,約2,000萬人受傷,超过1,600萬人喪生(约900万士兵和700万平民),造成嚴重的人口及經濟損失,估計損失约1,700億美元(當時幣值),除美洲與亞洲外,歐洲各國均受到重創,特別是戰敗國如德國等等還要面對巨額賠款,埋下第二次大戰的種子。 Go to Article
第一次世界大戰(簡稱一次大戰、一戰,或稱歐戰;英语:World War I、WWI、Great War、First World War;法语:la première Guerre Mondiale、la Grande Guerre)是一場於1914年7月28日至1918年11月11日主要發生在歐洲的大戰,然而戰火最終延燒至全球,當時世界上大多數國家都被捲入這場戰爭,史稱「第一次世界大戰」。1939年第二次世界大战爆发前,这场战争被直接稱為世界大戰。由于主要戰場於歐洲大陸,故此20世紀早期的中文經常稱之為“歐戰”[3]。
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